In this article, the author examines how Iraq’s Personal Status Code has weakened legal safeguards for women and girls, particularly by facilitating child marriage and creating a parallel religious legal regime. Drawing on...
Iraq’s social classes were not shaped by market conditions. They emerged according to the ruling order. This article traces how oil, wars, and post-2003 state-building reshaped Iraqi society. Class became tied to…
From primary school to university and the workplace, Doaa, Amal, and Lamees have spent years searching for one of their most basic rights: access to a clean toilet. From dealing with broken,…
In December 2025, the author accessed newly released British government files at The National Archives in London. Twenty-three years after the invasion of Iraq, they shed light on allegations of abuse by…
Iraq’s social classes were not shaped by market conditions. They emerged according to the ruling order. This article traces how oil, wars, and post-2003 state-building reshaped Iraqi society. Class became tied to…
From primary school to university and the workplace, Doaa, Amal, and Lamees have spent years searching for one of their most basic rights: access to a clean toilet. From dealing with broken,…
In December 2025, the author accessed newly released British government files at The National Archives in London. Twenty-three years after the invasion of Iraq, they shed light on allegations of abuse by…
Iraq’s social classes were not shaped by market conditions. They emerged according to the ruling order. This article traces how oil, wars, and post-2003 state-building reshaped Iraqi society. Class became tied to influence and authority rather than to the means...
In this article, the author examines how Iraq’s Personal Status Code has weakened legal safeguards for women and girls, particularly by facilitating child marriage and creating a parallel religious legal regime. Drawing on...